Página 3 - GIB_Brochure 2013

In 1996, we developed an original
specification language to graphi-
cally represent guidelines as
flowcharts, linked to multimedia
information, to facilitate distribu-
tion over the Web. This tool was
acknowledged by SUN Microsys-
tems as one of the first Java-based
tools ever reported in the medical
domain. In collaboration with other
faculty members at the UPM, we
designed a computerized approach
to detect inconsistencies in medical
knowledge bases. Appropriateness
criteria were automatically transla-
ted into rules containing proposi-
tional variables. This rule set was
then checked for inconsistencies.
Finally, the set of medical appro-
priateness criteria was represented
in the flowchart format, remotely
accessed over the Internet. The
GIB developed in 1996-7 a clinical
hypertension database for the
Hospital Principe de Asturias in
Alcala and, in collaboration with
the transplant unit at the Hospital
Clinico San Carlos in Madrid, we
produced a pioneering database
and support system for transplan-
tation - one of the first ones in
Spain. This database was later
used in other Madrid-area hospi-
tals.
References:
Herrero, C.; Maojo, V.; Crespo, J.;
Sanandrés, J.; Lazaro, P. A Specification
Language for Clinical Practice Guidelines”.
IEEE EMBS96
Maojo, V.; Crespo, J.;Villalonga, L
Disseminating multimedia protocols over
Internet for emergency and catastrophe
management. Proceedings of Medinfo
1998
Maojo V, Villalonga L, Crespo J, Cuadrado
R, Perez N, Martin F , Pazos A. A JAVA-
based tool for remote access to emergen-
cy protocols. Journal of the American
Medical Informatics Association (supp)
1997
Roanes-Lozano, E.; Laita, L., Roanes-
Macías E.; Maojo, V., Corredor, V.; de la
Vega, A.; Zamora, A. A Gröbner Bases-
Based Shell for Rule-Based Expert
Systems Development. Expert systems
with applications 2000
Clinical Guidelines
&
Protocols
In 2001 the GIB launched
INFOGENMED, the first project
funded by the EC in the area of
clinico-genomic integration. At the
GIB, we developed the
ONTOFUSION” system. This
provided unified access to
multiple, heterogeneous biological
and medical data sources from
over 1500 public databases. We
used the system to integrate
significant examples such as
OMIM, PubMed, Enzyme, Prosite
and Prosite documentation, PDB,
SNP, or InterPro. Since then,
OntoFusion has become one of the
main references in the field.
Technological aspects included
mapping clinical and genetic
concepts and the development of
new methods and tools for
database integration based on
biomedical ontologies, agents and
Web services. Subsequently, we
developed many semantic-based
methods and tools for addressing
heterogeneity in biomedical
information and the Web. This
work has been realized through
application of semantic web
technologies like RDF, OWL,
OWL2, RDQL, SPARQL using
ontology alignment and data
curation.
References:
Anguita A., Martín L., Pérez-Rey D., Maojo
V.: A Review of Methods and Tools for
Database Integration in Biomedicine.
Current Bioinformatics 2011
Pérez-Rey D., Maojo V., García-Remesal
M, Alonso-Calvo R., Billhardt H., Martín-
Sánchez F., Sousa A.: ONTOFUSION:
Ontology-Based Integration of Genomic
and Clinical Databases. Computers in
Biology and Medicine 2006
Alamo, S., Crespo, J; Fernández, I.;
Maojo, V.; Martín, F.; Pazos, A; Sáez, L.;
Sanandres, J. Search, Access and
information retrieval in heterogeneous
databases. INFORSALUD 1997
Maojo V, Crespo J, de la Calle G, Barreiro
J, Garcia-Remesal M. Using web services
for linking genomic data to medical
information systems. Methods of
Information in Medicine 2007
Database
Integration and
Semantic
Interoperability
Victor Maojo has taught the course
entitled "Cognitive Science" since
1995.
Since 2005, the GIB has
placed special emphasis on the
integration of Cognitive Science
within the NBIC Converging Tech-
nologies (Nanotechnology-Biology-
Information Technologies- Cogni-
tive Science), a challenging multi-
disciplinary effort launched with
support from the US National
Science Foundation, later adopted
in Europe. Besides our deep
involvement in the area of nano-
technology, past research was
related to brain patterns of cogni-
tive activity, electroencephalo-
grams (EEGs) and event-related
potentials (ERPs). These signals
were analyzed and evaluated after
patients received and processed
lexical information. We analysed
maps of brain activity, searching
for correlations with psychological
parameters and features related to
measures of intelligence, extraver-
sion, anxiety or decision making.
In addition, we have also analysed
the impact of virtual reality in
education from a cognitive per-
spective, later one of the focal
points of the NBIC area.
References:
Ortiz, T. and Maojo, V. and Martínez, R.
EEG Asymmetry During Phonemic
Discrimination". Journal of Psychophysiol-
ogy 1993
Ortiz, T. and Maojo, V. Comparison of the
P300 Wave in Introverts and Extraverts..
Personality and Individual Differences
1993
Sánchez, A.; Barreiro, J. M.; Maojo, V.
Design of Virtual Reality Systems for
Education: A Cognitive Approach. Educa-
tion of Information Tecnologies 2000
Martin-Sanchez F, Maojo V. Biomedical
informatics and the convergence of Nano-
Bio-Info-Cogno (NBIC) technologies.
Yearbook Med Inform 2009
Cognitive Science
and NBIC
The GIB pioneered work linking
genomic and clinical information.
Advances based on the Human
Genome Project have led to perso-
nalized medicine opportunities,
and with the development of high-
throughput techniques for genera-
ting genomic profiles of patients
this has already led to personalized
diagnoses, therapies and drugs,
revolutionizing therapeutic proce-
dures and health care. We partici-
pate in the EC project P-medicine
which has brought together
leading research groups in Europe
to design and implement technolo-
gical solutions. Its goals involve
sharing large-scale datasets in a
secure fashion, performing Virtual
Physiological Human simulations
and running complex data
workflows involving statistical
analysis and data mining. Several
test-scenarios evaluate clinical
trials on cancer —Wilms tumor,
breast cancer and leukaemia trials.
Personalized medicine and nano-
medicine will be one of the funda-
mental challenges for the next
decades, a topic on which GIB has
pioneered informatics research.
References:
de la Iglesia D, García-Remesal M, de la
Calle G, Kulikowski C, Sanz F, Maojo V.
The Impact of Computer Science in
Molecular Medicine: Enabling High-
throughput Research. Current Topics in
Medicinal Chemistry 2013
Anguita A., Martin L., Garcia-Remesal M.
and Maojo V. RDFBuilder: : A tool to
automatically build RDF-based interfaces
for MAGE-OM microarray data sources.
Computer Methods and Programs in
Biomedicine 2013
Frey, LJ., Maojo, V. and Mitchell J. A.
Genome Sequencing: a Complex Path to
Personalized Medicine. InAdvances in
Genome Sequencing Technology and
Algorithms, Artech House Pub, Inc 2007
Martin-Sanchez F., Iakovidis, I., Nørager,
S., Maojo V., et al. “Synergy between
Medical Informatics and Bioinformatics:
Facilitating Genomic Medicine for Future
Healthcare”. Journal of Biomedical
Informatics 2004
Personalized
Medicine
Since 1998, we aimed to define
the field of biomedical informatics,
arising from the confluence of
bioinformatics and medical infor-
matics. We have carried out a
comprehensive review of their
potential interactions which led to
several integration projects. The
GIB participated in the BIOINFO-
MED study and the INFOBIOMED
network of excellence, two EC
projects which contributed to
define the field. For instance,
BIOINFOMED was the first pro-
posal laying a foundation for the
Virtual Physiological Human pro-
gramme of the European Commis-
sion. This programme was later
funded at the level of 200M€.
Recently, we have been partners
of the INBIOMEDVision project,
which aims to become a consoli-
dated Biomedical Informatics
Observatory, especially focused on
Europe. A group of scientific
leaders in this area, from Europe
and the USA, participates in this
long-term, broad initiative.
References:
Martin-Sanchez F, Maojo V, Lopez-
Campos G. Integrating genomics into
health information ystems. Methods of
Information in Medicine 2002
Maojo V, Kulikowski CA. Bioinformatics
and medical informatics: collaborations on
the road to genomic medicine? JAMIA
2003
Maojo V, Iakovidis I, Martin-Sanchez F,
Crespo J, Kulikowski C. Medical informat-
ics and bioinformatics: European efforts
to facilitate synergy. Journal of Biomedical
Informatics 2001
Maojo V, García-Remesal M, Bielza C,
Crespo J, Perez-Rey D, Kulikowski
C.Biomedical informatics publications: a
global perspective: part I: conferences.
Part II. Journals. Methods Inf Med 2012
Maojo V, Kulikowski CA. Note on Fried-
man's 'what informatics is and isn't'.
Journal of the Americal Medical Informa-
tics Association 2013
Hasman A, Ammenwerth E, Dickhaus H,
Knaup P, Lovis C, Mantas J, Maojo
V,Martin-Sanchez FJ, Musen M, Patel VL,
Surjan G, Talmon JL, Sarkar IN. Biomedi-
cal informatics-a confluence of discipli-
nes? Methods Inf Med 2011
Defining
Biomedical
Informatics